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Land of Goshen
The Land of Goshen ( or ''Eretz Gošen'') is named in the Bible as the place in Egypt given to the Hebrews by the pharaoh of Joseph ((Genesis 45:9 ) - (10 )), and the land from which they later left Egypt at the time of the Exodus. It was located in the eastern Delta of the Nile.
==Meaning of the name==
If the Septuagint reading "Gesem" is correct, the word, which in its Hebrew form has no known meaning, may mean "cultivated"—comparing the Arabic root ''j-š-m'', "to labor." Egyptologists have suggested a connection with the Egyptian word ''qas'', meaning "inundated land" because Goshen was apparently the same region, called by the Greeks the "Arabian nome," which had its capital at Phakousa representing the Egyptian Pa-qas (Brugsch, Geog., I, 298), the name of a town, with the determinative for "pouring forth".〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=www.Bibler.org - Dictionary - Goshen )〕 Donald Redford, while not disputing the location of Goshen, gives a different origin for the name, deriving it from "Gasmu," the rulers of the Bedouin Qedarites who occupied the eastern Delta from the 7th century BC, but John Van Seters thinks this unlikely.〔Donald Redford, "Perspective on the Exodus", pp.139-140, quoted in John Van Seters, "The Geography of the Exodus," in Silberman, Neil Ash (editor), ''The Land That I Will Show You: Essays in History and Archaeology of the Ancient Near East in Honor of J. Maxwell Miller'' (Sheffield Academic Press, 1997) fn.37, p.269〕
Though many have searched for an Egyptian meaning to Goshen, it seems that there is only meaning through Hebrew, as if it were a word meaningful only to the Hebrews who settled there. The ancient rabbis who divided the Torah into weekly portions emphasized that they saw the name Goshen as connected to the verb NaGaSh (נִגַּשׁ), to approach. The Torah portion (Genesis 44:18—47:27) in which Goshen is first mentioned is known by its first Hebrew word, vaYi(n)gash, וַיִּגַּשׁ , "Then Judah approached (Joseph)..." Just a few verses later (45:10) Goshen is mentioned, for the first time in the Bible, when Joseph sends word to Jacob, saying "...live in the land of Goshen, and you will be near me..." It is as if to say, "you'll live in the ''approaches'' to Egypt, not all the way in, so that when it is time to leave, you'll be able to leave quickly." The last verse of this portion is, (47:27) "Thus Israel settled in the land of Egypt, in the land of Goshen..."
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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